1.A local area network (LAN) is defined by _______________
The geometric size of the network
The maximum number of hosts in the network
The maximum number hosts in the network and/or the geometric size of the network
The topology of the network
View Answer
A. The geometric size of the networkExplanation :
A local area network (LAN) is defined as a computer network that connects devices within a relatively small geographic area, such as a single building or campus. The devices in a LAN are typically connected using Ethernet or Wi-Fi technologies, and the network is usually owned and managed by a single organization or individual.
LANs are used to facilitate communication and resource sharing between devices, such as computers, printers, and servers, within the local area. LANs are typically characterized by their high data transfer rates, low latency, and high reliability, which make them ideal for applications that require fast and efficient data transfer, such as file sharing, media streaming, and online gaming.
2.The largest geographic area a wide area network (WAN) can span is
a town
a state
a country
the world
View Answer
D. the worldExplanation :
The largest geographic area a wide area network (WAN) can cover is the entire world, as it is a network that spans a large geographical area, such as a country, continent, or even the whole world. Unlike local area networks (LANs), which typically cover a relatively small geographic area, WANs are designed to facilitate communication and data transfer over long distances.
WANs are often used by organizations with multiple locations, such as global corporations or government agencies, to connect their local networks together and enable communication and resource sharing between them. WANs use a variety of technologies, such as leased lines, satellite links, and packet-switched networks, to transmit data over long distances, and may be owned and managed by a single organization or by multiple organizations working together.
3.The TCP/IP protocol suite consists of _______ layers.
two
Three
five
six
View Answer
C. fiveExplanation :
The TCP/IP model is based on a five-layer model for networking. From bottom (the link) to top (the user application), these are the physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers.
4.A router is involved in ____________ layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
two
Three
four
five
View Answer
B. ThreeExplanation :
A router is a networking device that operates at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Its primary function is to forward packets between networks by examining the destination IP address of each packet and determining the best path to the destination network.
However, a router may also be involved in the Transport layer (Layer 4) of the TCP/IP protocol suite when it performs Network Address Translation (NAT), which allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address when communicating with devices on the internet.
In addition, some routers may also provide services at the Application layer (Layer 7) of the TCP/IP protocol suite, such as acting as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server or Domain Name System (DNS) server.
So while a router's primary function is at the Network layer, it can also be involved in the Transport and Application layers depending on its configuration and capabilities.
5.A link-layer switch is involved in ______________ layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite
two
Three
four
five
View Answer
A. twoExplanation :
A link-layer switch, also known as a network switch, operates at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the TCP/IP protocol suite. Its primary function is to forward frames between network devices by examining the destination MAC address of each frame and determining the appropriate port to send it out on.
Unlike a router, a switch is not involved in higher layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite such as the Network, Transport, or Application layers. However, switches are crucial components of local area networks (LANs) as they provide high-speed and efficient communication between devices within the same network segment.
6.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which of the following is an application layer protocol?
The User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
The Internet Protocol (IP)
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
View Answer
C. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP)Explanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, there are several application layer protocols used for various purposes such as file transfer, email, web browsing, and more. Some examples of application layer protocols include:
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for web browsing
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for email communication
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for file transfer
Domain Name System (DNS) for domain name resolution
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for network management
Therefore, the correct answer is any of the above depending on the context of the question.
7.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which of the following is a transport layer protocol?
The Internet Control Message protocol (ICMP)
The Internet Protocol (IP)
The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
View Answer
D. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)Explanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, there are two primary transport layer protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
TCP is a reliable, connection-oriented protocol that provides error detection, flow control, and congestion control. It is used for applications that require a guaranteed delivery of data, such as file transfer, email, and web browsing.
UDP, on the other hand, is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that does not provide error detection or flow control. It is used for applications that require fast and efficient delivery of data, such as real-time audio and video streaming, online gaming, and other time-sensitive applications.
Therefore, the correct answer is either Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or User Datagram Protocol (UDP), depending on the context of the question.
8.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, which of the following is a network layer protocol?
The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
The Secure Shell (SSH)
The Internet Protocol (IP)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
View Answer
C. The Internet Protocol (IP)Explanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the Internet Protocol (IP) is the primary network layer (Layer 3) protocol. IP provides the addressing and routing mechanisms that enable data to be sent between devices across a network.
IP is responsible for the fragmentation and reassembly of data into packets, the addressing of packets using IP addresses, and the routing of packets through the network based on their destination IP address.
Other network layer protocols that are used in the TCP/IP protocol suite include Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) for error reporting and network diagnostics, and Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) for multicast group management.
Therefore, the correct answer is Internet Protocol (IP).
9.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.
physical
data link
transport
network
View Answer
B. data linkExplanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the Data Link layer (Layer 2) is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.
The Data Link layer provides node-to-node data transfer over a physical link between adjacent network nodes. It takes packets from the Network layer and encapsulates them into frames for transmission over the physical network. It also provides error detection and correction mechanisms to ensure reliable transmission of data.
The Data Link layer is implemented by network devices such as network switches, bridges, and network interface cards (NICs). These devices use various protocols such as Ethernet, Wi-Fi, and others to transmit and receive data frames.
Therefore, the correct answer is the Data Link layer.
10.The transport-layer packet in the TCP/IP protocol suite is called
a message
a datagram
a segment or a user datagram
a frame
View Answer
C. a segment or a user datagramExplanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the transport-layer packet is called a segment.
A segment is a logical unit of data that is created by the Transport layer (Layer 4) and encapsulates the data received from the Application layer (Layer 7) into a format that can be transmitted over the network.
In TCP, the segment includes a header that contains control information such as the source and destination port numbers, sequence and acknowledgment numbers, and window size, as well as the data itself.
In UDP, the segment also includes a header with the source and destination port numbers and length information, but does not include sequence or acknowledgment numbers or flow control mechanisms.
Therefore, the correct term for the transport-layer packet in the TCP/IP protocol suite is a segment.
11.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium.
programs
dialogs
protocols
bits
View Answer
D. bitsExplanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the physical layer (Layer 1) is concerned with the movement of bits over the physical medium.
The physical layer defines the physical and electrical characteristics of the transmission medium and the interfaces between the data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). It is responsible for the transmission and reception of raw bit streams over the physical medium.
The physical layer specifies the physical medium, such as copper wires, fiber optic cables, or wireless transmission, and the characteristics of the signals that are transmitted over the medium, such as voltage levels, timing, and data rates.
Therefore, the correct answer is bits. The physical layer is responsible for the movement of bits over the physical medium.
12.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, a port number is the identifier at the ____________.
application layer
transport layer
network layer
physical layer
View Answer
B. transport layerExplanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, a port number is the identifier at the Transport layer (Layer 4).
A port number is a 16-bit unsigned integer that identifies a specific process or application running on a device. Port numbers are used by the Transport layer to differentiate between different applications and services that are communicating over the network.
In TCP, the combination of a source IP address, source port number, destination IP address, and destination port number is known as a socket, which uniquely identifies a connection between two devices.
In UDP, port numbers are used to identify the application or service to which the data is being sent.
Therefore, the correct answer is the Transport layer.
13.In the TCP/IP protocol suite, a logical address is the identifier at the _______________.
network layer
transport layer
data-link layer
application layer
View Answer
A. network layerExplanation :
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, a logical address is the identifier at the Network layer (Layer 3).
A logical address, also known as an IP address, is a unique 32-bit or 128-bit numerical address that is assigned to every device on a network. IP addresses are used by the Network layer to identify the source and destination of data packets as they are transmitted across the network.
IP addresses are hierarchical and consist of a network portion and a host portion. The network portion identifies the network to which the device is attached, while the host portion identifies the specific device on that network. This allows devices to communicate with each other across multiple networks.
In addition to IP addresses, other examples of logical addresses include MAC addresses, which are used by the Data Link layer to identify individual network interfaces, and URLs, which are used by applications to identify specific web pages on the internet.
Therefore, the correct answer is the Network layer.
14.The _________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.
physical
transport
network
application
View Answer
B. transportExplanation :
The Transport layer (Layer 4) is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another in the TCP/IP protocol suite.
The Transport layer provides end-to-end communication services between applications running on different devices. It takes data from the Application layer (Layer 7) and breaks it down into smaller units called segments. These segments are then encapsulated with Transport layer header information, including source and destination port numbers, and passed to the Network layer (Layer 3) for delivery across the network.
The Transport layer also provides flow control, error recovery, and congestion control mechanisms to ensure reliable data transfer between applications. The most commonly used Transport layer protocols are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
Therefore, the correct answer is the Transport layer.
15.The Internet Protocol (IP) is ________ protocol.
a reliable
a connection-oriented
a reliable and connection-oriented
an unreliable
View Answer
D. an unreliableExplanation :
The Internet Protocol (IP) is a connectionless and best-effort protocol, which means it does not provide reliability guarantees for the delivery of data packets. However, it is not entirely accurate to say that IP is an unreliable protocol.
IP is designed to provide a best-effort delivery service, which means that it will attempt to deliver data packets to their destination, but there is no guarantee that they will be delivered successfully. This is because packets may be lost, delayed, or delivered out of order due to network congestion, errors, or other factors.
To address the issue of reliability, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) was developed as a Transport layer protocol in the TCP/IP protocol suite. TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication services that ensure that data is delivered to its destination in the correct order and without errors or duplication.
Therefore, while IP is not a reliable protocol in the strictest sense, it is an essential component of the TCP/IP protocol suite and provides a crucial role in delivering data across the Internet.
16.The application layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite is usually considered to be the combination of ________ layers in the OSI model
application, presentation, and session
application, transport, and network
application, data-link, and physical
network, data-link, and physical
View Answer
A. application, presentation, and sessionExplanation :
The application layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite is usually considered to be the combination of the Application layer (Layer 7), Presentation layer (Layer 6), and Session layer (Layer 5) in the OSI model.
The Application layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite provides interfaces for applications to access the network services. It includes a variety of protocols such as HTTP, FTP, SMTP, and DNS, which are used to support different types of application-level communications.
The Presentation layer in the OSI model is responsible for data representation and code formatting. It provides a common representation of data that can be used by different applications.
The Session layer in the OSI model is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between applications. It enables applications to communicate and exchange data in a way that is meaningful to both parties.
In the TCP/IP protocol suite, the functions of the Presentation and Session layers are typically included in the Application layer. Therefore, the Application layer in the TCP/IP protocol suite is often considered to be the combination of the Application, Presentation, and Session layers in the OSI model.
17.A proposed standard is elevated to ________ standard status after at least two successful tries.
informational
historic
draft
None of the choices are correct
View Answer
C. draftExplanation :
A proposed standard is elevated to Draft Standard status after at least two successful tries in the Internet standards process.
The Internet standards process is a formalized procedure used by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to develop and maintain the protocols and standards that govern the operation of the Internet. The process includes several stages, each with its own set of criteria and requirements.
The first stage in the process is the Proposed Standard stage, in which a protocol or standard is proposed and reviewed by the IETF community. If the proposal meets the required criteria and receives sufficient support, it can be elevated to the Draft Standard stage.
At the Draft Standard stage, the protocol or standard is subjected to further review and testing to ensure that it is stable and suitable for deployment on a larger scale. If it meets the necessary requirements, it can be elevated to the Internet Standard stage, which is the final stage in the process.
Therefore, a proposed standard is elevated to Draft Standard status after at least two successful tries in the Internet standards process.
18.An RFC is labeled ________ if it must be implemented by all Internet systems.
required
elective
recommended
None of the choices are correct
View Answer
A. requiredExplanation :
An RFC (Request for Comments) is labeled a "Internet Standard" if it must be implemented by all Internet systems.
Internet Standards are the highest level of standardization in the Internet standards process. They are protocols or standards that have been subjected to extensive review, testing, and implementation, and are considered to be stable and suitable for widespread deployment.
Internet Standards are required to be implemented by all Internet systems, and they represent the consensus of the Internet community on the best practices and protocols for ensuring interoperability and reliable operation of the Internet.
Internet Standards are designated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the organization responsible for developing and maintaining the protocols and standards that govern the operation of the Internet. RFCs are the documents used by the IETF to publish proposed standards, draft standards, and Internet standards.
19.In the original ARPANET, _______ were directly connected to each other.
interface message processors (IMPs)
host computers
networks
Routers
View Answer
B. host computersExplanation :
n the original ARPANET, computers (or hosts) were directly connected to each other.
The ARPANET was the first packet-switching network and a precursor to the modern Internet. It was developed by the United States Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The original design of the ARPANET called for a decentralized network architecture in which computers (or hosts) were directly connected to each other, forming a mesh-like network. This design allowed for robustness and fault tolerance since if one node failed, traffic could be routed through other nodes.
To facilitate communication between the hosts on the ARPANET, a protocol called the Network Control Program (NCP) was developed. NCP was the precursor to the TCP/IP protocol suite that is used by the modern Internet.
As the ARPANET grew, it became necessary to introduce network gateways, or routers, to interconnect different networks. This led to the development of the TCP/IP protocol suite and the modern Internet architecture, in which computers are typically connected to the Internet via network routers.
20._______ was formed to connect universities with no defense ties.
ARPANET
CSNET
NSFNET
ANSNET
View Answer
C. NSFNETExplanation :
The National Science Foundation Network (NSFNET) was formed to connect universities with no defense ties.
NSFNET was a program created by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the mid-1980s to provide academic researchers with access to high-speed networking capabilities. Prior to the creation of NSFNET, the ARPANET was the primary means of connecting universities and research institutions.
One of the goals of NSFNET was to create a network infrastructure that could support a wide range of research applications, including scientific simulations, data analysis, and collaborative research projects. To achieve this goal, NSFNET was designed to be a high-speed backbone network that connected regional networks, known as NSFNET regional networks, which in turn connected individual universities and research institutions.
Unlike the ARPANET, which was initially developed for defense purposes, NSFNET was designed to be a civilian network. This allowed universities with no defense ties to connect to the network and benefit from its high-speed capabilities.
The development of NSFNET played a significant role in the growth of the Internet and the transition from the original ARPANET architecture to the modern Internet architecture.
21.Currently _______ is responsible for the management of Internet domain names and addresses
NIC
ICANN
ISOC
IEFE
View Answer
B. ICANNExplanation :
Currently, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is responsible for the management of Internet domain names and addresses.
ICANN is a non-profit organization that was created in 1998 to take over the management of the Domain Name System (DNS) and Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation from the U.S. government. The organization is responsible for coordinating the allocation and maintenance of unique identifiers used in the operation of the Internet, including domain names, IP addresses, and protocol port and parameter numbers.
ICANN is responsible for managing the global top-level domain (gTLD) name space, which includes well-known domains such as .com, .org, and .net, as well as country-code top-level domains (ccTLDs) such as .us, .uk, and .cn.
ICANN also manages the process of approving and delegating new gTLDs, such as .app, .shop, and .xyz, which has led to a significant expansion of the domain name space in recent years.
Overall, ICANN plays a critical role in ensuring the stable and secure operation of the Internet, by managing the domain name system and ensuring that it remains a globally interoperable and reliable system.
22.In TCP/IP, a message at the application layer is encapsulated in a packet at the ________ layer.
network
transport
data link
physical
View Answer
B. transport
23.In TCP/IP, a message at the transport layer is encapsulated in a packet at the ________ layer.
network
transport
data link
physical
View Answer
A. network
24.In TCP/IP, a message belonging to the network layer is decapsulated from a packet at the ________ layer.
network
transport
data link
physical
View Answer
C. data link
25.In TCP/IP, a message belonging to the transport layer is decapsulated from a packet at the ________ layer
network
transport
data link
physical
View Answer
A. network
26.In TCP/IP, a logical connection between an entity at the network layer can be made with another entity at the ________ layer.
network
transport
data link
physical
View Answer
A. network
27.In TCP/IP, a logical connection between an entity at the data-link layer can be made with another entity at the ________ layer.
network
transport
data link
physical
View Answer
C. data link
28.In TCP/IP, a packet at the third layer carries data belonging to the ________ layer and the header belonging to the _________ layer.
third; third
third; fourth
fourth; third
fourth; fourth
View Answer
C. fourth; third
- Resources
- Information
- Both a & b
- None of these
Resources and information among multiple devices such as computers, printers, and servers. Some of the resources that can be shared in a computer network include:
- Files and documents: Network users can share files and documents with each other. This makes it easy to collaborate on projects and to access files from different devices.
- Printers: Multiple users can share a single printer, making it easier to print documents without the need for each user to have their own printer.
- Internet connection: A network can share a single internet connection among multiple devices. This can be useful in situations where internet access is limited or expensive.
- Applications and software: In a networked environment, software and applications can be installed on a central server and accessed by multiple users.
- Storage devices: Network storage devices such as network-attached storage (NAS) devices allow users to store and share large amounts of data across a network.
- Peripherals: Other peripheral devices such as scanners, cameras, and projectors can be shared in a networked environment.
By allowing users to share these resources, a computer network can improve productivity, enhance communication, and reduce costs.
- ARPANET
- ERNET
- SKYNET
- DARPANET
The first operational computer network in the world was the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), which was created in the late 1960s by the United States Department of Defense. The ARPANET was designed to connect computers at different locations so that researchers could share resources and collaborate on projects. It was the predecessor to the modern Internet and was a key development in the history of computer networking.
- Automatic taller machine
- Automated teller machine
- Automatic transfer machine
- Automated transfer machine
ATM stands for "Automated Teller Machine." It is a specialized computer terminal that allows users to perform banking transactions without the need for a human teller. ATMs are typically used to withdraw cash, check account balances, and transfer funds between accounts. They can be found in banks, retail locations, and other public places such as airports and shopping malls. ATMs are available 24/7 and provide users with convenient access to their bank accounts.
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
- None of these
The technology that connects machines and people within a site in a small area is called a Local Area Network (LAN). A LAN is a computer network that is confined to a relatively small area, such as a single building or campus. It typically consists of a group of interconnected devices such as computers, printers, and servers, along with the necessary networking hardware such as switches and routers. A LAN can be used to share resources and information among devices within a site, allowing users to communicate and collaborate more effectively. Some examples of LANs include office networks, school networks, and home networks.
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
- None of these
MAN stands for "Metropolitan Area Network". A Metropolitan Area Network is a type of computer network that covers a larger geographic area than a Local Area Network (LAN) but smaller than a Wide Area Network (WAN). It typically covers a metropolitan area, such as a city or a town. A MAN can be used to connect multiple LANs together, providing users with access to shared resources and information over a wider area. MANs are often used by businesses, universities, and other organizations that need to connect geographically dispersed locations within a city or a town.
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
- None of these
A network that covers geographic areas larger than a LAN, such as districts or cities, is called a Wide Area Network (WAN). A WAN is a network that spans a large geographic area and typically connects multiple LANs or other networks together. WANs can be used to connect devices in different buildings, cities, or even countries, allowing users to communicate and share resources over long distances. Examples of WAN technologies include the internet, leased lines, and satellite links. WANs are often used by businesses, government agencies, and other organizations that need to connect geographically dispersed locations.
- LAN
- MAN
- WAN
- Ring topology
A Ring Network is a collection of point-to-point links that may form a circle. In a ring network, each device is connected to two other devices, forming a continuous loop or ring. Data is transmitted around the ring in one direction, with each device passing the data to the next device until it reaches its destination. Ring networks can be used to connect devices in a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), depending on the network topology and the type of devices being used. Ring networks have the advantage of being resilient to individual link failures, as data can still be transmitted around the ring in the opposite direction. However, they can be slower than other types of networks due to the need for data to travel around the entire ring.
- Terminal Adapters(TAs)
- ISDN Bridges
- ISDN Routers
- All of these
ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Internetworking Equipment devices are devices used to connect ISDN networks with other types of networks. They are typically used in telecommunications to provide a bridge between different types of networks, allowing users to communicate and exchange information across different types of networks. Some common ISDN internetworking equipment devices include:
- ISDN routers: These devices are used to connect ISDN networks with other types of networks, such as local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs). They provide routing functions to enable data to be transmitted between the networks.
- ISDN switches: These devices are used to connect multiple ISDN devices to a single ISDN line, allowing users to share a single connection.
- ISDN terminal adapters: These devices are used to connect non-ISDN devices, such as analog telephones or fax machines, to an ISDN network.
ISDN internetworking equipment devices are an important component of telecommunications infrastructure and are used by businesses, government agencies, and other organizations to connect and communicate with others across different types of networks.
- connectionless
- Interconnected
- connection oriented
- None of these
- ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) networks are a type of high-speed networking technology used to transmit large amounts of data over a network. ATM networks use a fixed-size cell-based transmission protocol, which provides a highly efficient and reliable means of transmitting data.
- In an ATM network, data is divided into fixed-size cells, each of which contains a header and a payload. The header contains information about the cell's destination and the priority level of the data, while the payload contains the actual data being transmitted. These cells are then transmitted over the network using virtual circuits, which are established between two devices to provide a dedicated communication path for the transmission of data.
- ATM networks are used in a variety of applications, including voice and video transmission, high-speed data transfer, and internet access. They are commonly used by service providers to provide high-speed network connectivity to businesses and other organizations, as well as for backbone networks that connect different types of networks together. While ATM technology has been largely superseded by newer networking technologies such as Ethernet and IP, it is still used in some specialized applications where high-speed, reliable data transmission is critical.
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
- Digital Host Communication Provider
- Digital Host Communication Protocol
- Dynamic Host Configuration Provider
- DHCP stands for "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol". DHCP is a network protocol used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration information to devices on a network.
- When a device connects to a network using DHCP, it sends a request to a DHCP server for an IP address and other network configuration information, such as the subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses. The DHCP server then assigns an available IP address to the device, along with the other configuration information. This allows the device to communicate with other devices on the network and access the internet.
- DHCP is widely used in local area networks (LANs) and is a key component of most home and small business networks. It simplifies network administration by automating the assignment of IP addresses and other network configuration information, which can be time-consuming and error-prone if done manually. DHCP also allows network administrators to manage IP addresses and other network resources more efficiently, as it can help prevent IP address conflicts and ensure that devices are configured correctly.
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